Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a popular architectural pattern used in software development to separate an application into three interconnected components. This separation makes applications easier to develop, maintain, test, and scale.
MVC divides an application into:
Model – Manages data and business logic
View – Handles the user interface
Controller – Acts as an intermediary between Model and View
Each component has a distinct responsibility, ensuring clean code structure and better collaboration among development teams.
The Model represents the core data of the application. It interacts with the database, applies business rules, and processes data.
Example:
In a news website, the Model manages news articles, categories, authors, and publish dates.
The View is responsible for displaying data to the user. It does not contain business logic.
Example:
The webpage that shows news headlines, article content, images, and banners is part of the View.
The Controller handles user input and communicates with the Model to fetch or update data, then sends the results to the View.
Example:
When a user clicks on a news article, the Controller retrieves the article data from the Model and passes it to the View for display.
Think of MVC like a restaurant:
Model → Kitchen (prepares food/data)
View → Dining area (presentation)
Controller → Waiter (takes orders and delivers food)
Clear separation of concerns
Improved code maintainability
Easier testing and debugging
Better scalability
Supports parallel development
MVC is widely used in frameworks such as:
Spring MVC
ASP.NET MVC
Laravel
Ruby on Rails
Angular (MV* pattern)
MVC architecture simplifies application development by organizing code into logical components. Understanding MVC with real-world examples helps developers build efficient, scalable, and maintainable applications.
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